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Dr. Vavra's ENL 121: Lit & Comp
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Spring 1998: MP # 3
A Set of Essays on Foils in Hamlet
Paper # 298-R     (G72 - 01)
 


 
[Note: This is a revision, submitted at my invitation. See #298-O"
Because of the circumstances, the student did not have the advantage
of seeing my detailed comments on the original. We simply discussed organization.]
 
 
 Differences and Similarities in Hamlet
 
(1)      Shakespeare’s play Hamlet [Titles] uses character flaws and strong emotions to highlight strengths and weaknesses in his characters. He also uses differences and similarities between characters to force action along the path he intends the story to travel. This technique is called using foils. The likes or dislikes of one character for another can completely alter the direction of the story. For example, love of a son for his father can be twisted and perverted, with the proper use of characters, into an outlet for hatred and revenge. [This is a very nice idea for a thesis, but instead of using Gertrude and Ophelia as foils (See below.), it would have been much better to use Fortinbras, who, like Hamlet,  is also a son of a king who has been killed. Gertrude and Ophelia simply do not fit the category of "son."]

(2)      An example of foils is Hamlet and Laertes. [Which is the foil?] They both love their fathers, but their love has been distorted and all they feel now is a need for revenge for their fathers’ deaths. The need they have for revenge is fueled by their love for the father’s [No '] they lost. However, they pay for this with their lives. They both are honorable men, they both see the errors they made and forgive each other at the end of the play. Hamlet and Laertes are similar in some ways and different in other ways.

(3)      Laertes blames Hamlet for the death of his father. [Poor topic sentence] This becomes even worse when Claudius doesn’t openly punish Hamlet because of his popularity. Hamlet knows that Laertes is a good soldier and is loyal to Claudius. These men differ in the way they seek revenge. Laertes, upon arrival and hearing of his father’s death immediately goes to Claudius and seeks justice for his father. On the other hand, Hamlet doesn’t show any need for speed at all. He begins to devise an intricate plan of faked mental instability and other ploys to get his way. However, Laertes would not hesitate to take his revenge quickly. [This is, perhaps, Laertes' most important role as a foil for Hamlet. It should be emphasized more, by showing how Laertes' haste brings Hamlet's procrastination into the sunlight.]

(4)      Hamlet and Ophelia had similarities. They were drawn to each other as lovers. Both of them also loved and obeyed the wishes of their fathers. Madness and deception enter into their relationship. Hamlet acts mad as part of his plot of revenge on Claudius. Hamlet drives Ophelia mad by rejecting her and killing her father, Polonius.

(5)      They differ when Ophelia tries to understand Hamlet’s intentions toward her as a lover. He denies any feelings toward her at all. She knows this to be untrue she feels helpless in the face of Hamlet’s rejection. [RO] Hamlet uses Ophelia as a "whipping post" representing the corruption of womankind, when he says to Ophelia to ["?]go to a nunnery" to her. Hamlet was expressing his disgust with women in general as he lashed out at her. After Ophelia’s death[,] Hamlet regrets using her this way. [Paragraphs four and five should be combined with a revised topic sentence. They are both too short. Also, how do these two paragraphs relate to the thesis -- the idea that a son's love can be twisted and perverted into an outlet for hatred and revenge?]

(6)      Hamlet and his mother Gertrude both loved King Hamlet. They loved each other as mother and son. They are surprised at one another because of how they reacted to the death of Hamlet’s father. The death of King Hamlet strains their relationship, but they still love one another.

(7)      Their differences begin with Hamlet believing Gertrude is weak for having marrying [married] his uncle so soon after his father’s death. Gertrude loves Claudius deeply [Evidence?] and Hamlet hates him. Gertrude wants Hamlet to stop mourning his father and get on with his life. Hamlet despises his mother and loves her at the same time. This contradiction is a hard load for Hamlet to balance. [Nice point.] [Paragraphs six and seven should be combined with a revised topic sentence. They are both too short. Again, how do these two paragraphs relate to the thesis?]

(8)      The emotions in this the tragic play, [No ,] are set off by the foils. Hamlet and Laertes are sons obsessed by the need for revenge. Hamlet and Gertrude are torn apart by a love- hate relationship. Hamlet and Ophelia are young lovers that never had a chance at love because of events out of their control. Shakespeare uses this play as a morality lesson. He is saying that evil intentions [Do you ever explain who has the evil intentions?] can twist love and honor. Strong emotions must be tempered with logical thoughts. This play reinforces these beliefs and makes for one of the great plays of all time. The price of revenge was too high for Hamlet to pay.

[This paper, and the outline below, are certainly improvements over the originals, but there are still some major problems. For one, "foils" are not defined very clearly. For example, there is no distinction between foil and "more important character." As a result, the foils and the character being foiled are treated as equals. And, as noted above, discussing Ophelia and Gertrude was a bad idea. Fortinbras might be an excellent foil to develop this thesis because whereas Hamlet disobeys his father (the ghost), Fortinbras obeys his uncle and ceases his attempt at revenge on Denmark. As a result, he ends up on its throne.]
 


Outline
 
(1)
 
 
(2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
(3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(4)
 
 
 
(5)
 
 
 
 
 
 
(6)
 
 
 
 
(7)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(8)
I. Intro - Theme: Hamlet is a tragic story, where a son’s love for his father is twisted by his need for revenge, destroying all he loves. The cost of Hamlet’s revenge is too high. 

II. Hamlet/ Laertes 

    A. Similarities 
      1. Both want revenge for their father’s deaths. 
      2. The love they hold for their father’s fuel their hate and need for revenge. 
      3. Both pay for their need for revenge with their lives. 
      4. Both forgive the other in the end.
    B. Differences 
      1. Laertes blames Hamlet for his father’s death. 
      2. Hamlet knows that Laertes is loyal to Claudius. 
      3. Hamlet slowly plans his revenge. 
      4. Laertes quickly plots with Claudius.
III. Hamlet / Ophelia 
    A. Similarities 
      1. They truly cared for each other. 
      2. They both loved and obeyed their fathers. 
      3. Hamlet "acts" mad, Ophelia really goes mad.
    B. Differences 
      1. Ophelia wants to understand Hamlet; he doesn’t want her to understand 
      2. Hamlet uses Ophelia as a "whipping post" for all womankind. 
      3. Hamlet regrets his cruel treatment of Ophelia, when he learns of her death.
IV. Hamlet / Gertrude 
    A. Similarities 
      1. They both loved King Hamlet. 
      2. They were very close as mother and son, before King Hamlet’s death. 
      3. They are suprized at each other’s reaction to King Hamlet’s death. 
      4. They still love one another deeply.
    B. Differences 
      1. Hamlet believes Gertrude is weak for marrying his uncle. 
      2. Gertrude loves Claudius; Hamlet hates him. 
      3. Gertrude wants Hamlet to get on with his life. 
      4. Hamlet despises and loves her at the same time.
V. Conclusion: 
    A. Love can be twisted by revenge when emotions replace reason. 
      1. Hamlet and Laertes. 
      2. Hamlet and Gertrude. 
      3. Hamlet and Ophelia. 
      4. Reason must rule over emotion
 
This is a much better outline than the original.
 

ENL 121 (Vavra) Grading Sheet for MP3B (1 of 3) Foils in Hamlet (Revised 11/27/97)
Possible 
Points
Student's 
Grading
Instructor's 
Grading
Description Totals
Audience (20)
 19 / 16 
0 - 5  5  4 The essay has a good introductory paragraph.
0 - 5  4  3 The essay includes a brief definition (not in the introduction) of foils, such that a student who had not previously heard the term would understand both the concept and this essay. 
0 - 5  5  5 The essay does not simply retell the play.
0 - 5
 5
 4
The essay has a good concluding paragraph.
Thesis (20)  19 / 15
0 - 4  4 4 The thesis is recognizable, somewhere near the beginning of the essay.
0 - 4
 4
3
The thesis and essay reflect good, independent thought about Hamlet. 
0 - 4  4 4 The thesis and essay reflect at least an average understanding of foils.
0 - 4  4 4 The essay reflects at least an average understanding of foils in Hamlet.
0 - 4  3  0 The essay reflects an above average understanding of foils in Hamlet
 Organization (20)
 19 / 17 
0 - 4
   4
 3 
Topic sentences relate paragraphs to the thesis.
0 - 4
   3
 2 
Paragraphs are generally eight to ten sentences long.
0 - 4
   4
 4 
Major and minor points in the outline are logically arranged.
0 - 4
   4
 
The essay is accompanied by a typed formal outline with subdivisions to the level of capital letters, i.e., II B. The paragraphs in the essay have been numbered and the numbers of the paragraphs have been placed in parentheses next to the corresponding part of the outline.
0 - 4
   4
 4 
Paragraphs reflect subdivisions of major points. (For example, more than one paragraph is devoted to a single foil.)
2 of 3
Possible 
Points
Student's 
Grading
Instructor's 
Grading
Description Totals
Details (20) (Please fill in the blanks.) 
[Note: This rubric assumes that you will discuss at least two foils and be graded on the two you choose. You may discuss only one foil and use the same grades for both sections of this form.]
 15 / 8 
0 - 3
 3
 2 
An explanation of similarities establsihes __Laertes____ as a foil to _______Hamlet_________.
0 - 3
 2
 3 
The differences between foil #1 (above) and ___Hamlet___ and their significance to the play are explained in detail.
0 - 3
 2
 0 
The function of foil # 1 as a listener on stage (and its significance to the play) is explained in detail.
0 - 1
 1
 1 
The relevance of foil # 1 to the thesis is explained in detail. 
0 - 3
 
 1 
An explanation of similarities  establsihes __Hamlet [?]____ as a foil to __Gertrude [?]___.
0 - 3
 3
 1 
The differences  between foil #2 (above) and _____ and their significance to the play are explained in detail.
0 - 3
 3
 0 
The function of foil # 2 as a listener on stage (and its significance to the play) is explained in detail.
0 - 1
1
 0 
The relevance of foil # 1 to the thesis is explained in detail.
(3 of 3)
Possible 
Points
Student's 
Grading
Instructor's 
Grading
Description Totals
Style (20) 
 20 / 16 
0 - 3  3  3 Words are used correctly and accurately.
0 - 2  2  2 There are no (few) errors in usage. 
0 - 2  2  2 Pronouns are used correctly.
0 - 2  2  2 Verb forms and tenses are used correctly.
0 - 3  3  3 All sentences are comprehensible.
0 - 2  2 1 Sentence structure is mature and varied.
0 - 3
 3
 2 
There are no (few) sloppy errors.  ["having marrying"]
0 - 3
 3
 1 
Punctuation marks are used correctly. [ Titles; "go to a nunnery"]
Minus Style Penalty Points (May be regained by correcting errors)
    
Basic Grade for the Essay (100)  92 / 72
Penalty Points: - __________ Late          -___________ Other   
 
Bonus points (6 possible) [The envelope contained a lot of evidence of storming, outlining, and drafting, but because this was a revision, I felt it would not be fair to give bonus points.]
 
0 - 2
 
 
Brainstorming
0 - 2
 
 
Outlining
0 - 2
 
 
Revision
Final Grade for the Essay  92 / 72
Hostage Fifty: 
N.B. If there is anything in the "Hostage Fifty" block, your grade is being held hostage at 50 until you earn its release. To learn how, look at the "Additional Major Paper Requirements."

Student's Comments: (You can also use the back of either page.)

 
Student's Log
Codes: B = Brainstorming; RR = Reading/Research; O =Outlining; TC = Tutoring Center;
D = Drafting; RV = Revising; E =Editing; G = Grading; T =Typing

NOTE: Revising = RV. Remember: use only one code per entry. (See Instructions.)

I used a word-processor __x___while drafting __x___ while revising __x___ to type my paper.
 

Date: Code Started Stopped Minutes Comments
5-1
TC
2:15
2:30
15
 Check with Susan about T.C. schedule and asked about foils and organization
 5-2
B
11:00
12:00
60
 Brainstormed Osric-Hamlet, Hamlet-Laertes, Hamlet-Rosencrantz, and Hamlet, Ophelia [but missed Fortinbras]
5-3
RR
8:00
9:30
90
 Re-read play
 5-4
O
1:00
2:10
70
 Outline finished and revised
 
TC
2:00
3:00
60
 Have outline checked
 
T [D]
4:00
5:30
90
 First draft started
 5-5
TC
5:00
5:35
35
 Final check of revision; got help revising
 
RV
6:00
6:30
30
 Revised final draft
 
T
6:30
7:30
60
 Typed final draft
 
G
7:30
7:45
15
 
 
Distribution of Time:
 
Process Minutes % of Total
Brainstorming
60 
11 
Read/Research
90 
17 
Outlining
70 
13 
Tutoring Center
110 
21 
Drafting
90 
17 
Revising
30 
Editing
Grading
15 
Typing
60 
11 
Total
525 
= 8.8 hours